Future Continuous (Progressive) Tense

  Future Continuous Tense gradi se od will + present participle (infinitiv + nastavak -ing).

Primeri potvrdnog, odričnog i upitnog oblika Future Continuous-a

  Upotreba:

1. Radnja koja će trajati neko vreme u budućnosti:

• Tom will be attending the conference next month.
• They'll be shoping all afternoon.

2. Radnja koja će trajati neko vreme počevši od sadašnjeg trenutka:

• They will be studying until 5 o'clock.
• She'll be playing tennis until she gets tired.

3. Duža radnja u budućnosti koja će biti prekinuta kraćom:

• I will be making dinner when he arrives tonight.
• She'll be playing the piano when her parents come home.

4. Predviđanje naših dela u budućnosti:

• This time tomorrow I will be having dinner at one of the New York's finnest restaurants.
• I'll be sitting at a  table at the corner and reading a newspaper.

5. Predviđanje ili pogađanje šta bi se moglo događati sada ili u određeno vreme u budućnosti:

• Don't call him now, he will be doing his homework.
• Please,don't come at 9 o'clock. She'll be sleeping at that time.

6. Radnja koja će se desiti kao logičan sled događaja:

• I'll be seeing Ann tomorrow at the office. (We work together!)

7. Predviđanja ili očekivana kretanja u budućnosti:

• By 2020, most people in Africa will be living in urban areas.

8. Ljubazna pitanja, kada želimo da saznamo nečije planove:

• Will you be coming with me to the concert tonight?
• Will you be going to the next meeting in December?

Vremenske odrednice

Future Simple Tense

  Future Simple Tense gradi se od will ili shall + infinitiv glagola bez to.

Primer potvrdnog, odričnog i upitnog oblika Future Simple sa WILL

Primer potvrdnog, odričnog i upitnog oblika Future Simple sa SHALL

Upotreba:

1. Radnja koja će se desiti u budućnosti:

• I will see him tomorrow.

2. Odluka u trenutku govora:

• I will close the window.
• I'll have a cup of tea.

3. Predviđanje budućnosti na osnovu naših uverenja:

• I think it will rain.
• The weather tomorrow will be sunny and warm.

4. Za obećanja ili pretnje:

• I will be there at 7 p.m., I primise.
• I will tell your parents what you have done,

5. Kada zahtevamo ili nudimo pomoć:

• Will you please help me to do my homework?
• That suitcase is too heavy. I'll help you.

6. Sa izrazima kao što su probably, possibly, perhaps, (I'm) sure, (I) expect:

• I'll probably get there by my car.
• I'm sure you will like it.

7. U prvom kondicionalu i kada govorimo o posledicama:

• If it begins to rain, I will ceirtanly need an umbrella.
• She will tell him when he calls.

8. Kada je glavni glagol ''be'', čak i kada govorimo o planiranim događajima:

• I will be in Athens tomorrow.
• I will be at a conference next week.

Vremenske odrednice

Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Tense

  Past Perfect Continuous gradi se od pomoćnog glagola to have u prošlom vremenu (had) + past participle glagola to be (been) + present participle (infinitiv + nastavak -ing).

Primer potvrdnog, odričnog i upitnog oblika Past Perfect Continuous-a

  Upotreba:

1. Kada je radnja počela u prošlosti i trajala neko vreme pre druge prošle radnje:

• It was now 6 o'clock and he was tired because he had been working since dawn.

2. Radnja koja se ponavljala pre neke druge prošle radnje:

• He had been trying to get her on the phone.

Vremenske odrednice

Past Perfect Simple Tense

  Past Perfect Simple gradi se od pomoćnog glagola to have u prošlom vremenu (had) + past participle (infinitiv + nastavak -ed -za pravilne glagole; III kola nepravilnih glagola).

Primer potvrdnog, odričnog i upitnog oblika Past Perfect-a

  Upotreba:

1. Radnja koja se desila pre neke druge prošle radnje:

• Before I arrived, I had called him over the phone to inform him about the visit.

2. Radnja u prošlosti koja je obustavljena pre neke druge prošle radnje:

• Peter, who had waited for an hour, was very angry with his sister when she turned up.

3. Takođe se koristi kada pripovedač priča o prošlim događajima iz određene tačke u prošlosti:

• Tom was 23 when our story begins. His father had died five years before and since then Tom had lived  alone. His father had advised him not to get married till he was 35, and Tom intended to follow this advice.

4. U trećem kondicionalu:

• If I had found her adress, I would have sent the invitation.

Vremenske odrednice

Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Tense

  Present Perfect Continuous se gradi od prezenta pomoćnog glagola to have + past participle glagola to be (been ) + present participle glavnog glagola (infinitiv + nastavak -ing).

Primer potvrdnog, odričnog i upitnog oblika Present Perfect Continuous-a

  Upotreba:

1. Radnja koja je započela u prošlosti i još uvek traje:

• Anne has been learning Spanish for two years. (još uvek uči!)

2. Radnja koja je nedavno obustavljena ali ima posledice u sadašnjosti:

• You are wet! - Yes, it has been raining a lot!

3. Radnja koja se ponavlja:

• I have been sending her a lot of messages all day.

4. Sa How long pitanjima:

• How long have they been dating?

Vremenske odrednice

Present Perfect Simple

  Present Perfect Simple gradi se od prezenta pomoćnog glagola to have + past participle (infinitiv+ nastavak -ed). Ovo vreme opisuje radnju koja se dogodila u neodređeno vreme u neposrednoj prošlosti.

Primer podvrdnog, odričnog i upitnog oblika Present Perfect Simple-a

   Potvrdni oblik nepravilnih glagola- past participle koji je potreban za građenje ovog vremena nalazi se u trećoj kolonini liste nepravilnih glagola.

Lista nepravilnih glagola

  Upotreba:

1. Radnja koja je počela u prošlosti i ima veze sa sadašnjim trenutkom:

• She has had a problem with her computer. (značenje: problem još uvek nije rešen)

2. Radnja koja se desila u nepoznato vreme u prošlosti:

• He has lost his keys.

3. Kada dajemo informacije o nedavnom događaju:

• British scientist have made important discoveries about human brain.

4. Kada govorimo o stvarima koje smo ostvarili do sada:

• I have painted ten pictures so far.

5. Kada govorimo o ličnom iskustvu:

• Have you been to Wales?
• -No, I haven't, but I would love to.

6. Posle izraza kao što su this is the first time, this is the second time, etc.

• This is the first time we have been here.

Vremenske odrednice

Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense

  Past Continuous Tense gradi se od prošlog vremena pomoćnog glagola to be + present participle glavnog glagola (glagol + nastavak -ing).

Primer potvrdnog, odričnog i upitnog oblika Past Continuous-a

Upotreba:

1. Prekinuta duža radnja u prošlosti:

• I was watching TV when she called.

2. Kada je vreme neke duže radnje poznato:

• Last night at 6pm, I was eating dinner.
• At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.

3. Kada opisujemo atmosferu ili pozadinu nekog glavnog događaja:

• When i walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped.

4. Paralelne radnje:

• I was studying while he was making dinner.

5. Duža radnja koja se ponavlja i koja nam smeta:

• She was always coming to class late.
• He was constantly talking.

Vremenske odrednice

Past Simple Tense

  Past Simple Tense gradi se tako što na infinitiv glagola dodamo nastavak -d (ako se infinitiv završava na e) ili nastavak -ed.

Primer potvrdnog, odričnog i upitnog oblika Past Simple-a

   Potvrdni oblik nepravilnih glagola se nalazi u drugoj koloni nepravilnih glagola.

Lista nepravilnih glagola

Upotreba:

1. Završena radnja u prošlosti (tačno znamo kada):

• I watched a movie yesterday.

2. Serija završenih radnji u prošlosti:

• I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.

3. Navike u prošlosti:

• I studied French when I was a child.
• She worked at the movie theatre after school.

4. Činjenice u prošlosti:

• She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.
• He didn't like tomatoes before.

Pažnja! Spelling!

  Kod jednosložnih glagola koi  se završavaju suglasnikom kom prethodi samoglasnik, prilikom građenja se udvaja poslednji suglasnik:

• stop- stopped
• clap- clapped

  Kada se glagol završava sa -y, -y prelazi u -i, a zatim se dodaje nastavak -ed:

• cry- cried
• try- tried

Vremenske odrednice

Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense

  Present Continuous Tense gradi se od prezenta pomoćnog glagola to be + present participle glavnog glagola (glagol + nastavak -ing).

Primer potvrdnog, odričnog i upitnog oblika Present Continuous-a

Upotreba:

1. Kada govorimo o radnji u trenutku govora:

• I am working at the moment.

2. Radnja koja duže traje 

• He is reading a great book these days.

3. Radnja koja se ponavlja ili kada želimo da kažemo da nam neka radnja smeta:

• You are always losing zour keys!

4. Nove navike:

• He is eating a lot these days.
• You are smoking too much.

5. Kada govorimo o promenama:

• I am getting better at playing the piano.
• The weather is changing for the better.

6. Planovi u bliskoj budućnosti (arrangements in near future):

• They are coming to the party at the weekend.
• We are leaving at four.

Vremenske odrednice

Present Simple Tense

  Present Simple Tense gradi se od osnove glagola i nastavka -s/es za treće lice jednine:

Present Simple Tense glagola to be

Građenje potvrdnog, odričnog i upitnog oblika ovog vremena

Upotreba:

1. Generalne činjenice:

• It snows in winter.

2. Za trajne situacije:

• She works in a bank.
• I am married.

3. Navike:

• I play tennis every Thursday.
• We often go to cinema.

4. Kada govorimo o knjigama, predstavama, filmovima:

• Supermen is the hero of this movie.

5. U nultom kondicionalu:

• If people eat too much, they get fat.
• If babies are hungry, they cry.

6. Kada govorimo o unapred određenim planovima u budućnosti (timetable or fixed plans):

• We have class at eight tomorrow.
• Our train leaves at eleven.

7. Kada govorimo o budućnosti, posle izraza when, until, after,as soon as, before:

• I will call you when I have time.
• I won't go out until it stops raining.
• She'll come as soon as her brother arrives.

8. Koristi se glagolima koji označavaju stanje:

• This soup tastes great.
• You look fabulous.
• I love you.
• She hates that kind of behaviour.

Vremenske odrednice za Present Simple Tense sa primerima

Neodređeni članovi a/an

  Neodređeni članovi se upotrebljavaju uz imenice u jednini koje nisu određene. Neodređeni član A korisi se ispred reči koje počinju suglasnikom (a book) ili samoglasnikom koji se izgovara kao suglasnik (a European), dok se član AN koristi ispred reči koje počinju samoglasnikom (an apple) ili suglasnikom koji se ne izgovara (an honest man).

Upotreba neodređenih članova:

1. Ispred brojivih imenica u jednini, kada se pominju prvi put i ne predstavljaju određenu osobu ili stvar:

• They live in a flat.
• He bought an ice cream.

2.Ispred brojivih imenica u jednini, koje predstavljaju primer grupe stvari:

• A car must be insured. (all cars)
• A child needs love. (children)

3. Sa nazivima profesija:

• She will be a dancer.
• He is an actor.

4. Sa izrazima za količinu:

• a lot of, a great deal of, a couple, a dozen

5. Sa nekim brojevima:

• a hundred, a thousand

6. Sa izrazima za cenu, brzinu

• four times a day, sixty km an hour, 10p a dozen

7. Sa uzvičnim rečenicama, ispred brojivih imenica u jednini:

• Such a long queue!
• What a pretty girl!

8. Ispred Mr/ Mrs/ Miss+ surname, kada je ta osoba nepoznata onome ko govori:

• a Mr Smith, a Mrs Smith

Određeni član THE

  Određeni član THE u engleskom jeziku koristi se kada je unapred poznato iz konteksta o kojoj osobi, stvari ili pojmu govorimo, ukoliko je specifični pojam pomenut u prethodnom delu teksta ili kada se radi o jednoj određenoj osobi ili stvari.

1. She took the glass of water nearest to her.
2. She took the glass of water and started to drink.

  U prvom primeri član the koristimo jer nam je iz konteksta jasno o kojoj čaši vode je reč- onoj najbližoj do nje, dok je iz drugog primera jasno da postoji samo jedna čaša vode.

Upotreba određenog člana the:

1. Kada govorimo o tačno određenoj školi, univerzitetu, bolnici, verskoj instituciji, zatvoru, poslu:

• The church on our street was built in the 17th century.
• My friend works at the prison outside the city center.
• The work isn't finished yet.

2. the+adjective koristimo kada govorimo o grupi ljudi (ukljčujući nacionalnosti):

• the homeless, the unemployed, the French

3. Koristimo sa državama koje u svom nazivu sadrže Kingdom, Republic, State, Union:

• the United Kingdom

4. Koristimo se sa imenima ljudi ili mesta u množini:

• the Smiths, the Netherlands, the United States, the Bahamas, the Alps

5. Sa nazivima reka, mora, okeana i kanala:

• the Atlantic Ocean, the Red Sea, the Nile, the Panama Canal

6. The koristimo sa stranama sveta (north, south, east and west) kada govorimo o lokaciji jednog mesta unutar drugog(prvi primer), dok zero article koristimo kada uporodjujemo lokacije dva mesta(drugi primer):

• Greece is in the south of Eirope.
• Spain is south of France.

7. Obično se koristi sa zgradama, osim ako je prva reč naziv mesta u kom se nalazi:

• the White House, the Sheraton Hotel; but
• Oxford University, Buckingham Palace.